Introduction

More is Required

MCI 03.3m: Fundamentals of Marine Corps Leadership .

FMFM 1-0  Leading Marines. 

Distinguishing Between Types of Leaders and Styles of Leadership

Types of Leaders

James MacGregor Burns in Leadership  and in “The Crisis of Leadership” in The Leader’s Companion,  Chapter 2.  Despite Burns desire for “standards” to “make vital distinctions between types of leaders”, as indicated, there seems to be no standard academic way of distinguishing types of Leaders.  Examples from the textbooks for this course make that evident.  After his call for “vital distinctions between types of leaders”.  Burns then describes “two fundamentally different forms of leadership. (in Leadership and in the Leader’s Companion Transactional and Transforming Leadership, Chapter 19). , In the research cited by Montgomery Van Wart  and Joseph S. Nye examples can be found of the use of the words “theories”, “concepts”, “types”, “styles”, “approaches” often used interchangeably, to refer to what Burns called “types of leaders” or “forms of leadership”.  Thus,  Van Wart refers  to “types” of Leaders as political, business, etc and then discusses “Leadership Theories” and  Approaches”.  (in Dynamics of Leadership for Public Service see the titles for Chapters 10 and 11,)  Nye intends to “differentiate types of leaders” but in doing so he also discusses research on “theories” and “approaches” and refers to “types of leadership styles”. (See The Powers to Lead “Types and Skills” Chapter 3.) Thus, sometimes, students and others use the words “types” and “styles” interchangeably.  For example, see Major Kevin S Donohue, USA and Major Leonard Wong, USA (See “Understanding and Applying Transformational Leadership” from Military Review August 1994.) (emphasis added).

The Charismatic Leader

Montgomery Van Wart, Dynamics of Leadership in Public Service; Theory and Practice.  in Chapter 11 “Charismatic and Transformational Approaches”.

Joseph S. Nye, The Powers to Lead in Chapter 3 “Types and Skills”.

Quoted in the Washington Post of 1 May 2000.

Burns in Leadership.

Anthony Smith “Charisma” in Leadership Excellence , June 2007.

John C. Bahanson in Leadership:The Warrior's Art,  Chapter 14.

Van Wart, Chapter 11,  “Extreme Charisma”.

Col. George E. Reed, USA, “Toxic Leadership” in Military Review, July-August 2004.  For a comprehensive description of the characteristics of narcissistic Leaders and their strengths and weaknesses for Leadership, see “Narcissistic Leaders: the Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons” by Martin Maccoby in the Harvard Business Review of January 2004.

Van Wart, Chapter 11.

The Transactional Leader

James McGregor Burns, Transforming Leadership.

Van Wart, Chapter 10, “Transactional Approaches”.

Nye, Chapter 3, “Types and Skills”. 

Robert K. Greenleaf in Servant Leadership  and in  “Servant Leadership” in The Leader’s Companion,  Chapter 4.

Max DePree in  Leadership is an Art and Leadership Jazz.  See “Leadership Jazz”, in The Leader’s Companion, Chapter 87.

Speech by President Jimmy Carter on July 15, 1979.  This is the so-called “malaise” speech, although that word did not appear in the text.

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The Transformational Leader

Burns in Leadership.

Richard A. Couto, “The Transformation of Transforming Leadership” Chapter 20 in the Leader’s Companion.

Van Wart, Chapter 11, “Performance Beyond Expectations: Bass’s Full Range Theory”.

Bernard Bass in Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations.

Van Wart, Chapter 11,  “Tichy and Devanna’s Theory of Transformational Leaders”.

Quotes from Van Wart, Chapter 11,  “Transformational Leadership as Ideal Practices”  For more details see James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner The Leadership Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations” now in a fourth edition 2002.

John P. Kotter Leading Change and A Force for Change: How Leadership Differs from Mangement and “What Leaders Really Do” Chapter 22 in The Leader’s Companion

Charles C.  Manz and Henry P. Sims, “SuperLeadership….” Chapter 33 in the Leader’s Companion.

Real World Leadership Requirements

Ann Ruth Wilner in The Spellbinders: Charismatic Political Leadership.

Burns Leadership.

 Bahanson in Leadership:The Warrior's Art,  Chapter 14.

Kurt Mortensen, “Charisma Power” in Leadership Excellence, October 2008.

James J, Tritten and David Keithly  “Charismatic Leadership: Costs and Benefits” in Military Review, January-February 1996.

Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Doty U.S. Army and Dan Gerdes “Humility as a Leadership Attribute” in Military Review September-October 2000.

A Hypothesis

Van Wart, Chapter 11,  “Performance Beyond Expectations: Bass’s Full Range Theory”.

What it Means for You

What More it Means for You

Van Wart, “Preface”.

General Gordon R. Sullivan “Changing for the 21^st Century” in Defense Issues, Vol. 9, No. 91, 1994.

Major Kevin S. Donohue USA and Major Leonard Wong USA, “Understanding and Appling Transformational Leadership”, in Military Review,  August 1994.

Lynn Joy McFarland, Larry E. Senn and John R. Childress in Twenty First Century Leadership: Dialogues with 100 Top Leaders. See “Redefining Leadership for the Twenty First Century” in The Leader’s Companion, Chapter 58.

Sal Marino in Industry Week, 5 January 1998.

Jim Collins in Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap...and Others Don't.

Gilbert Fairholm in Spiritual Leadership.

Styles of Leadership

Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard, “Behavioral Theories of Leadership” in The Leader’s Companion, Chapter 25.

The Economist “Douglas McGregor”, www.economist.com/business/management August 29, 2008 to Sep. 28, 2009.

Hersey and Blanchard, “Behavioral Theories….”.

Desmond D. Martin and Richard L. Shell , “Leading Professionals”, Chapter 9 in Management of Professionals: Insights for Maintaining Cooperation.

Bill George in True North.

The Hersey and Blanchard “Behavioral Theories of Leadership” and also Van Wart,  Chapter 10, “Blake and Mouton’s Grid Theory”.  As indicated earlier, there seems to be no academic standard for

Hersey and Blanchard, “Behavioral Theories of Leadership”.

Situational Leadership

See “Great Ideas Revisited” in Training and Development January 1996. for a summary of original “Life Cycle Theory of Leadership”  and subsequent developments.

The diagram is in Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard, “Situational Leadership” in The Leader’s Companion, Chapter 32  and in Martin and Shell, “Situational Leadership”, Chapter 9 VI A, figure 9.1.

Kenneth H. Blanchard in Leadership and the One Minute Manager.

Paul Hersey in The Situational Leader.

Charles M. Farkas and Suzy Wetlaufer, “The Way CEOs Lead” in the Harvard Business Review, May-June 1997.

Editor in introducing Leonard A. Schaeffer, “The Leadership Journey” in Harvard Business Review, October 2002.

A Different Perspective on Styles, Similar Conclusions

Nye, Chapter 3 “Types and Skills” and Appendix “A Dozen Quick Take-Aways” 7.

Using Types and Styles of Leadership

Summary and Conclusions

Van Wart, “What is the Best Style to Use?”, Chapter 1.